Do Manners Matter Essay

Experts say us Americans are turning into a bunch of savages. Should we care? Would you like it if you you were trying to watch a movie, but are constantly irritated by the sound of ringing cell phones and chatter in the background? Impolite behavior is threatening our way of life and is detrimental to our future and happiness. Showing your consideration for others might result in good manners being reflected from others to you. It would not hurt to show others proper edict, would it? Apparently, having bad manners are threatening our way of civilized life, so experts say. I believe them, being rude and barbaric is going to take our advanced state and regress it back to when we were once cavemen. We are slowly losing respect for everyone, and treating everything as if it were causal. Right now we could just forget to say thank you, and move on with our lives, but later, maybe at a funeral, we could forget who died, and just act as if it were a normal day. It could be that we are just accepting everything as a normal part of our lives, and that there is no need to make a big deal about one thing and be over-kind about it. Though, we must not act this way, because then things will get too casual. People in your family dying could become something you could care less about. We need to keep certain things proper, and not casual. ​Though many people, especially teens, might not notice, scientists believe that people with manner tend to be more successful in life. They get better grades, better social life, and seem more impressive when applying for a job. Some might say that having manners might will make you a dork, and keep girls from liking you, but really in the end, manners benefit you. People might think that having manners might make you a loser, but in most cases; the girl will go for the gentleman, and the interviewer will go for the polite person. Of course, simple rudeness could not result in death or destruction, but it can come close. Not showing consideration for others can lead to sadness which might result in depression. When you fail to have proper manners, those around you can feel let down and unappreciated. Just by saying please and thank you, it is guaranteed you will put a smile on people’s faces and brighten up their spirits. According to the Golden Rule, if you are kind to others, others will be kind to you. The good manners will be reflected back to you and you will be living a happier life. Also, the success achieved by the good manners can have a positive affect on your future and lead to a life full of a smaller amount of hardships and struggles. The key to happiness is simple: manners!

Ethical Dimensions Essay

Health care tools has changed to organize better care for patients. Doctor’s use computer’s or laptop in the office and exam rooms to enter electronic health records (EHR). The EHR makes it easier for the patients to receive better organized care along with better organized health statistics. The Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA) administers the HIPPA Privacy and Security Rules for individual’s protection of their health information. Many doctors and health care providers recognize and accept all requirements under the Security and Privacy Rules. EHR permits health care providers and doctor’s to use data efficiently in their care and to develop the superiority and effectiveness for the betterment of the patient. Hospitals, doctor’s offices, and care givers must meet the criteria of Electronic Health Record Program to become eligible for the Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS). The first year, hospitals and Eligible Professionals (EP) do not have to demonstrate their important use, but are obligated to approve or upgrade to an (EHR) for them to receive payments for the services rendered. All work must be documented correctly in stage 1, (data capture & sharing)- stage 2 (Advance clinical processes), or stage 3 (Improved Outcomes) The HIPAA Privacy Rule gives the patient’s rights to all information documented concerning them. Whether on paper or electronic, the patient have the rights to their medical records, get correction made if any mistakes are found, informed if the doctor use or give his/her information to anyone, to see where they contact you, and to complain if needed to OCR website www.hhs.gov/ocr. References How do HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules apply to Health IT and EHRs? †¦ December 12, 2011, 10:24 am / Leon Rodriguez / Former Director, HHS, Health IT Buzz > Privacy and Security of EHRs > Privacy, Security, and Electronic Health Record, December 12, 2011, 10:24 am / Leon Rodriguez / Former Director, HHS Office for Civil Rights www.healthit.gov †º Health IT Buzz †º Privacy and Security of EHRs Health IT.gov, For Providers & Professionals, EHR Incentives & Certification, Last updated: Tuesday, January 15, 2013, www.healthit.gov †º †¦ †º EHR Incentives & Certification, Apr 9, 2014

Otoacoustic Emission In Nihl Health And Social Care Essay

Noise and noise induced hearing loss is job of immense magnitude in the Armed forces all over the universe. The forces of the ground forces, navy and the air force are exposed to really high strength noise produced as a consequence of the arms that they use, the mechanical conveyance, aircraft and ships that they use. The nature of their business exposes them to resound degrees that can endanger their hearing. The members of Armed Forces and para-military organisations are exposed to a combination of steady province noise and impulse noise of really high strengths and their unprotected ears are vulnerable to extensive hearing harm. In armed forces, forces functioning in certain subdivisions and trades are more vulnerable. In the ground forces, those functioning in the foot, heavy weapon, armoured corps and corps of applied scientists are at high hazard of developing NIHL. In the air force pilots, air animal trainers and air trade care forces are at high hazard. Similarly in the naval forces, engine room crewmans, gunnery crew, air trade bearer forces, frogmans and submariners are at high hazard of developing NIHL due to the nature of their occupations [ 55 ] . Kessar, in an audiometric study on heavy weapon forces of Indian Armed forces reported that 50.8 % heavy weapon forces had changing grades of NIHL compared to 14.1 % of controls [ 56 ] . In the same survey 86.5 % gunnery crew with more than 10years of service had moderate to severe NIHL. Raiet Al reported that 85.5 % naval gunnery crew evaluated audiometrically had NIHL [ 57 ] . In another survey noise degrees of 120 dubniums were recorded in the engine suites of naval ships and 78 % of engine room forces were found to hold NIHL of changing grades. Pawa KL, Singh VK and Venkatesh MD reported an extended study of noise degrees on board Indian Naval ships and recorded an norm of 105 dubniums noise degrees in engine suites and besides reported that 70 % of the engine room crewmans evaluated were found to hol d NIHL [ 58 ] . The badness of hearing loss increased linearly with length of service. Theyobserved increased exposure of frogmans to audiovestibular disfunction and noise is one the major subscribers to hearing loss in frogmans and submariners. An audiometric study of Indian Air Force forces revealed an overall prevalence of 22.9 % of NIHL [ 59 ] . Clinical characteristics of NIHL are frequently identical from other causes of SNHL. The diagnosing is based on elaborate history, physical scrutiny and appropriate audiometric rating. It is stressed that the diagnosing of NIHL is circumstantial and would necessitate a careful elaborate occupational history, household history and history sing recreational exposure to resound. From a medicolegal facet guidelines have been defined to help in ‘labeling a instance ‘ as NIHL [ 60 ] . Another facet to maintain in head is that the people who are susceptible to NIHL can besides endure from other otological diseases like CSOM, Meniere ‘s disease, otosclerosis, familial hearing loss etc and therefore all attempts at naming these conditions should be made before imputing the hearing loss to inordinate noise exposure. In a big series of NIHL in Ontario, 5 % of the survey group had other ear diseases as major cause for their hearing loss [ 61 ] . Any history, physical marks or a udiometric findings suggestive of cochlear or retro-cochlear hearing loss in a patient will necessitate extended rating to get at a diagnosing. However, with a good history, physical scrutiny and a pure tone audiogram, it is possible to get at a diagnosing of NIHL and besides arrive at a decision that the hearing loss is attributable to resound [ 2 ] . NIHL and acoustic injury are constantly associated with tinnitus which is frequently raging. Many patients of chronic NIHL will hold tinnitus as their chief ailment.Audiometric ConfigurationThe 4 KHz notch is frequently considered a typical audiometric characteristic in NIHL regardless of the frequence scope of the noise beginning. However, more frequently than non, the so called 4 KHz notch occurs in the scope of 3-6 KHz. [ 20 ] ( Fig. 10.12 and 10.13 ) . The most plausible account for the 4 KHz notch in pure tone audiogram is the resonance features of ear canal to sounds of different frequences with maximum harm happening one octave above the Centre of frequence scope of the noise. The wide set industrial noise is concentrated at 3 KHz due to peculiar anatomical constellation of EAC and hence maximum harm occurs in 4 KHz country of cochlea. It needs to be kept in head nevertheless that the absence of a notch does non except the diagnosing of NIHL [ 20 ] . Though NIHL is frequently described as bilateral and symmetrical, asymmetrical hearing losingss is non uncommon. In one survey 15 % of patients of NIHL had asymmetrical hearing loss. This may be because of other ear diseases, asymmetrical noise exposure or sometimes non interpretable [ 62 ] . Pure tone audiology forms the footing of diagnosing and for compensation intents in NIHL. International standard 1999 ( ISO ) , has formulated guidelines for finding whether an audiogram conforms to the parametric quantities of NIHL. Electric response audiology may be of great aid in observing overdone hearing loss in compensatory claims. All other supra- threshold trial s and speech audiology in NIHL would demo characteristics of cochlear hearing loss.Otoacoustic Emission ( OAE ) in NIHLThe measuring Otoacoustic emanation ( OAE ) has become a simpler, non-invasive and nonsubjective tool to mensurate OHCs map, the primary mark cell in NIHL. Both TAOAE and DPOAE have been studied in acoustic injury and NIHL. Some studies suggest that the amplitude of OAE lessenings even before there is noticeable pure tone threshold displacement in noise injury [ 63 ] . Early NIHL is characterized by unnatural OAE constellation corroborating some cochlear disfunction or harm with normal or near normal pure tone audiograms [ 64 ] . This has an of import bearing in the early diagnosing of NIHL and can even be utilized to observe single susceptibleness to NIHL [ 65 ] . The multiple advantages of OAEs are that they are extremely sensitive, site specific, nonsubjective and speedy to analyze and hence are ideal tools for supervising NIHL. DPOAEs are particularly well-suite d for monitoring as the frequence scope of analysis extends beyond 8 KHz, which is good beyond the 3-6 KHZ scope affected by NIHL. Therefore with a good DP gm one can confidently predict whether the hearing loss is due to resound exposure or non [ 66 ] ( Fig. 10.14 & A ; 10.15 ) . OAE analysis is a really sensitive index for presence or absence of hearing over 35-40 dubniums and can be a really helpful testing tool for observing NIHL and exaggerated hearing loss.Newer Research Trends in NIHLSome exciting research trends that offer more insight into basic pathophysiology of NIHL and possible development of newer curative schemes are: ( a ) Hair cell regeneration ( B ) Genetic and molecular footing for NIHL ( degree Celsius ) † Toughening † or â€Å" preparation † protocols by pre-exposure to low strength sounds anterior to exposure to high strength noise. ( vitamin D ) Antioxidant therapy for NIHL and acoustic injury It is now an established fact that avian hair cells can renew undermentioned harm due to resound and ototoxic drugs [ 67 ] . Similar surveies on neonatal biddies have shown that hair cell regeneration occurs from back uping cells under the influence of acoustic harm [ 68 ] . A more recent mammalian survey has shown the ability of mammalian cochlea to renew hair cells following ototoxic harm [ 69 ] . The function of growing factors is being evaluated in act uponing this regeneration [ 70 ] .Recent research besides demonstrated the functional capableness of such regeneration [ 71 ] . Further research in this way appears rather promising and offers a possible healing intervention of noise and drug induced hearing loss. Antioxidants in the intervention of noise injury have been used with good consequences in the ague puting [ 22, 72, 73 ] . Clinical tests to formalize their usage are awaited. The function of â€Å" conditioning † or ‘toughening † of the ear by anterior exposure to low strength noise before exposure to damaging noise has been tried and carnal theoretical accounts have shown singular protection of interior ear hair cells, presumptively by increasing anti-oxidant degrees [ 74 ] . Though they have shown great promise in inventing newer remedy and preventative protocols against NIHL, they have limited practical applications at nowadays. Attempts are on to happen out if there are familial factors in the susceptibleness to NIHL. It has been seen that some strains of inbred mice are more susceptible to NIHL than others. Scientists are seeking to insulate a NIHL cistron to a chromosomal venue. Recently a recessionary cistron ( ALI ) that is responsible for premature age-related hearing loss has been shown to be related to inordinate susceptibleness to NIHL [ 75 ] . If such familial linkage can be established in human existences it opens up new views for testing for susceptibleness for NIHL and possible intervention of NIHL.Non Auditory Effects of NoiseA big figure of non- audile effects of NIHL that adversely affect the wellness of an person have been described. Important nonspecific effects of NIHL are intervention with communicating, hapless efficiency and work end product, crossness and irritation, perturbation of slumber and remainder and early fatigability. Some major systemic unwellnesss like high blood pressure, peptic ulcers, emotional agitation and mental unwellnesss have associated with NIHL. However, there is limited grounds to back up these associations.Treatment of NIHLAs is true for all types of sensorineural hearing losingss, NIHL unluckily can non be cured but it likely is the individual largest cause of preventable hearing loss all over the universe. The pronouncement â€Å" Prevention is better than remedy † holds true in NIHL and preventative steps and personal hearing defenders are discussed later. As with any disease, where the pathogenesis is multifactorial, multiple intervention modes have been tried for NIHL with varying and at times conflicting consequences. Most intercessions would look to work for acute jobs like acute acoustic injury and NITTS where published literature abounds. However, the job is compounded by the greatly varied rates of self-generated declaration. The function of hyperbaric O therapy ( HBOT ) has been evaluated and reported of benefit if commenced early [ 76 ] . The function of HBOT in acute acoustic injury is better studied and recommended where executable [ 77 ] . Some studies of acoustic injury being treated with a mixture of 10 % carbondioxide and 90 % O ( Carbogen ) are available in the literature. It is suggested that the vasodilatory consequence of carbogen prevents or reduces noise induced PTS following acoustic injuries [ 78 ] . The writers in their personal experience of handling acute acoustic injury with carbogen have found it utile in re stricting the hearing loss. The function of accessory Vit E with Carbogen has shown to hold benefit in NITTS [ 73 ] . The fact that Magnesium can perforate the hematocochlear barrier and its comparative deficiency of side effects have led to research in istusease for acute acoustic injury with encouraging consequences [ 79 ] . The function of steroids have been investigated in NIHL besides. As with the intervention of sudden SNHL, intratympanic steroids appear to cut down outer hair snake pit loss in rats exposed to acute noise [ 80 ] . There is deficiency of conclusive grounds in the clinical use of intratympanic steroids though a recent study has shown good consequences [ 81 ] . Recent research has hovered in researching anti-oxidants to cut down the abuse to cochlea with promoting carnal surveies [ 72 ] . For more lasting threshold jobs, most intercessions do non demo any benefit and rehabilitation with hearing AIDSs is an first-class option in bettering the communicating position of people enduring from NIHL. Advanced digital and programmable hearing AIDSs offer really good quality of hearing betterment and should be liberally prescribed.NIHL- Magnitude of job in developing statesNoise pollution is a planetary job of great magnitude and NIHL is possibly the individual largest cause of preventable hearing loss. In developed states it is the biggest compensatable occupational jeopardy and histories for about one tierce of all individuals enduring from hearing damage. Most of the developed states are bit by bit conveying noise under control. However in developing states the industrial and urban societal noise is on the rise and is doing serious environmental noise pollution. The hazard of NIHL from societal noise is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours for immature people i n most underdeveloped states. This is due to rapid industrialisation, unchecked proliferation of cars particularly two Wheelers and autorickshaws with two shot engines. In many developing states there is a deficiency of statute law against noise pollution and, when nowadays, these Torahs are ill implemented. Therefore bar of occupational and environmental noise pollution must take top precedence in public wellness direction. Some of the studies from developing states of South Asia and South East Asia sing urban societal noise and its deductions are dismaying [ 82 ] . In Pakistan unchecked urbanisation has increased the noise degrees in metropoliss like Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad. Road traffic particularly autorickshaws which do non hold silencers produce noise degrees up to 100 -110 dubnium. The mean ambient noise degree in the busy streets of Karachi was found to be above 90 dubnium. There is a high incidence of NIHL in the major industries of Pakistan particularly textile Millss and sheet metal industries. Though statute law against noise pollution and hearing preservation exists, it is ill implemented. In India thorough statute law for allowable ambient noise degrees in assorted countries, work topographic point noise criterions and noise criterions for motor vehicles exist but there is serious deficiency of execution [ Tables 10.25, 10.26, 10.27 ] . Traffic noise in busy intersections of larger metropoliss frequently reaches 100 dubnium. There is increasing incidence of NIHL in a big population that is at hazard. In a survey carried out in the metropolis of Pune in 2000 by the Department of ENT, Armed Forces Medical College revealed a traffic noise between 87-97 dubnium in busy intersections of the metropolis [ 83 ] . An audiometric study carried out by Singh VK, Mehta AK of 421 traffic police officers the metropolis of Pune, showed that 81.3 % of them showed some grade of NIHL and badness of NIHL increased linearly with length of service. In the same survey 225 autorikshaw drivers who are routinely exposed to loud traffic noise were besides audiometrically reviewed and 81.1 % of them were found to hold NIHL [ 84 ] . In a similar survey conducted on traffic police officers in 2000, 74.3 % of 207 police officers were found to hold NIHL of changing grades [ 83 ] . Thus sociacusis is going a major job in developing states and the job needs to be tackled on war terms.Damage hazard standardsHazard of NIHL has been found to hold a definite relationship between strength of sound and continuance of exposure. Burns and Robinson [ 86 ] brought forth the construct of equal energy which suggests that lasting harm to hearing is related to entire sound energy which is merchandise of strength of sound in assumed name and continuance of exposure. They assumed that equal sum of energy causes equal hearing loss and concluded after extended research that the equal energy construct could be applied to finding day-to-day safe degrees of strength and exposure continuance to assorted noises. This translates into 8 hours day-to-day exposure to 90dB ambient noise and for every addit ion of 3 dubnium, the continuance of exposure is halved. For e.g. a 93 dubnium noise degree will allow merely 4 hours of exposure. This is the recognized norm in most European states. There is a suggestion that if the noise exposure is intermittent as in most industries, the ear has clip to retrieve from noise injury and hence a 4 dubnium halving and doubling is more suited [ 11 ] . In the United States of America a 5 dubnium halving and doubling has been suggested by CHABA ( Committee on hearing, Bioacoustics and Biomechanics ) in mid 60 ‘s. OSHA ( US occupational safety and hearing criterions ) permits a 5 dubnium halving and doubling of exposure and the criterion is known as LOSHA and the European criterion of 3 dubnium doubling and halving is known as Leq ( Table 10.28 ) . 90dBA has been universally accepted as safe strength of exposure up to 8 hours but there is instance for cut downing this bound to 85 dubnium and to originate hearing preservation programme from 85 assum ed names flat [ 85 ] . These criterions can merely be adapted for steady province uninterrupted noise. Appropriate criterions for impact noise are non universally available.Hearing preservation ProgrammeNoise is the individual largest cause of preventable hearing loss and with of all time increasing degrees of noise in all walks of life NIHL has attained a planetary importance. NIHL can non be cured with the current province of medical cognition. However it can be reduced and minimized, if non wholly prevented, by effectual hearing preservation programme. An effectual hearing preservation programme is a multi-disciplinary attempt necessitating enforceable statute law from the authoritiess, managerial engagement, technology and medical engagement. Alberti has suggested an ideal hearing preservation programme for occupational hearing loss that has eight stages [ 2 ] : ( a ) Noise jeopardy designation ( B ) Technology controls ( degree Celsius ) Personal hearing protection ( vitamin D ) Monitoring audiometry ( vitamin E ) Record maintaining ( degree Fahrenheit ) Health instruction ( g ) Enforcement ( H ) Programme rating Hazardous noise degrees in the industry and work topographic point can be identified with preciseness sound degree metres. Periodic sound degree monitoring over moderately long periods to place potentially risky work topographic point environment and effectual technology controls to cut down the degree of noise by alteration in the engineering or replacing or redesigning of machinery and other technology intercessions to cut down the noise degrees. Administrative controls like rigorous enforcement of prescribed clip of exposure depending on the sound degrees, proviso of less noisy work environment and effectual and periodic wellness instruction of workers sing bar of NIHL. However personal hearing defenders are most critical for bar of NIHL. A big assortment of personal hearing defenders like ear stoppers, ear muffs and canal caps are available with changing grades of fading. The most of import facet of personal hearing defenders is the regularity of usage. Unless the workers use the m on a regular basis, they will be of no usage. Therefore, it is most indispensable to educate the workers. The most of import facet of taking a hearing defender device is worker comfort and the assurance of the worker utilizing it [ 88, 89 ] . The usage of single audiodosimeters are besides of importance in particular fortunes when it is required to measure the cumulative noise exposure of a individual exposed noise. The logging dosemeter integrates sound force per unit area over clip and a day-to-day noise degree with regard to current 90 dB/8hours per twenty-four hours exposure [ 14 ] . Hearing showing is besides a really of import measure in bar of occupational hearing loss. The map of hearing showing is to place those workers with hearing loss, place those whose hearing shows declining and to measure the effectivity of hearing testing programme [ 2 ] . Therefore periodic audiometric appraisal of workers at hazard is of paramount importance for early sensing of NIHL. Any alteration of 10 dubnium or greater in any frequence or an mean alteration of 10 dubnium or more in all frequences warrants a audience with ENT man for farther rating. The importance of record maintaining and periodic regular wellness instruction of workers about the hurtful effects of noise and utilize personal hearing defenders can non be ignored in any hearing preservation programme. In developing states, bar of NIHL must be taken as a serious public wellness job and appropriate stairss demands to be taken on a precedence footing at the national degree. A WHO study suggests following steps in this respect [ 86 ] : ( a ) National programme for bar of noise-induced hearing loss should be established in all states and integrated with primary wellness attention. This should include environmental and medical surveillance, noise decrease, effectual statute law, review, enforcement, wellness publicity and instruction, hearing preservation, compensation and preparation. ( B ) Prevention of NIHL must be appropriate, equal, acceptable and low-cost. ( degree Celsius ) Most of the population in developing states is nescient of the jeopardies of inordinate noise exposure. Awareness must be increased about the harmful effects of noise and about its bar and control of NIHL ( vitamin D ) There is an acute deficit of dependable epidemiological informations on prevalence, hazard factors and costs of NIHL from developing states. There is an pressing demand of structured and controlled surveies in this respect. ( vitamin E ) Research needs to be focused on pathophysiology, proficient steps for noise decrease, bettering personal hearing defenders and low cost medicines for bar ( degree Fahrenheit ) Communication and coaction should be strengthened between developed and developing states to ease research and development in this field.DecisionsWithout uncertainty NIHL is the individual most of import cause for preventable hearing loss in this universe today. This job of noise pollution is turning and is presuming epidemic proportions in many developing states. It is to be appreciated that it is practically impossible to cut down noise degrees in industry and in our metropoliss to safe adequate degrees for infinite exposure. Educating people about inauspicious effects of noise and its bar and the usage of personal hearing protective devices are the major schemes against NIHL. There is an pressing demand to rush research on the cardinal mechanisms involved in NIHL so that preventative and healing steps to cut down or extenuate the lasting hearing harm due noise are evolved.

How Physical activity affect the heart rate Assignment

How Physical activity affect the heart rate - Assignment Example Cardiovascular related complications occur mostly due to the situations that are work related. The body’s physical activities affect the rate at which the heart beats per unit time. The change in rate of the heart is resulting from the case where the body is trying to replenish the oxygen that is consumed during the metabolism when the food is converted to the energy and the carbon dioxide (Jackson, 2009). The energy that is produced during metabolism is used by the body during the physical activity. The physical activities of the body of a human being either little or high may pose a great danger to the heart of the individual (Moser and Riegel, 2008). A body which is subjected to the right quantities of the physical activities is less vulnerable to the heart diseases while the body that is subjected to the high activities or heavy weight lifting is more vulnerable to the heart attack. There has been a case where the heart diseases have been associated with the performance of excess work that means close monitoring of the rating activity may assist in the occupational risks assessment. The heavy weight lifting has a high risk of causing a heart attack. For the cases of manual activities, the body tends to have repetitive and fast exertions together with fatigue. The heart rate can be monitored using the electrocardiogram that records the rate at which the heart is beating per unit time. There are various factors that influence the heart rate both extrinsic and intrinsic. The external factors are the one that are responsible for causing the heart rate to change considerably. For a person who is involved in a more manual activity will tend to have higher heart beat compared to the one who is resting (Moser and Riegel, 2008). The heart rate may be argued to be directly proportional to the type of the activity the individual is engaged in. Wake

To his Coy Mistress Poem Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To his Coy Mistress Poem Reflections - Essay Example Am I to sit here in a single room waiting to be graced by your presence? Shall I sit and wait for you to take me out or am I to be hidden away until you aren’t interested in me? I think not dear one. How am I to amuse myself as you live the other part of your life? Certainly visions of rolling about with you cannot be what you expect me to substitute for an honest relationship. As you aptly recognize death, you must also realize that life, before I become a rotting carcass, must be lived and enjoyed. Thus, in your next correspondence do write as passionately of my financial protection as you do of consummation and then you will find yourself in the garden of eden. I interpret this piece as rather typical. It is the basic mating dance that men engage in when they are trying to entice a woman to go to bed with them. It is clear that he is governed by lust which is understandable. Oftentimes, that which we cannot obtain becomes irresistible and we pine after it. It should be noted that it is not that he wants â€Å"her†. He merely wants her body. His desire is akin to the desire that anyone feel when they want something. This can apply to a sexual dalliance or obtaining a video game. One can play a video game for hours when they first obtain it. Likewise, one can enjoy sexual relations for hours at a time as well. This does not mean that there is an actual love exists. Any chance that the suitor has of getting his mistress to actually go to bed with him is substantially diminished by the fact that he explains to her that if she doesn’t, she will wind up old and unworshipped. It is actually amusing because in today’s society, he would not have made it past the second verse of his poem. The tone and diction of the speaker remind me of one who is spoiled and accustomed to having their way. I would presume that the speaker was rather unattractive because he only speaks of her beauty and with his arrogance would

E-commerce (online shopping) in Saudi Arabia and the UK Coursework

E-commerce (online shopping) in Saudi Arabia and the UK - Coursework Example The need to promote the sales for many organizations has promoted the rise of E-commerce1. However, E-commerce was initially a preserve of large companies, until the perception for its structures and models changed. Recently, many organizations, both big and small are venturing into E-commerce, which is a promising prospect for enhanced growth. Therefore, to reap the benefits arising from E-commerce, many governments have been promoting technology use for the governmental and the private sector organizations2. In advancing technology use for business growth, Saudi Arabia and the UK alike have been involved in E-commerce. Structure of E-commerce in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has adopted E-commerce as a channel for sales and distribution, to enhance the internationalization of the country’s brands and sales, while also reaching the target market 1. The country has a large retail market, consisting of domestic consumers of both genders, whose purchasing power is high. The rate of growth of the Saudi Arabian Middle Class has been on the rise, making it possible for a large population to earn good incomes, which increase their purchasing power 2. However, E-commerce has not been fully adopted in the retail sector, due to lack of effective knowhow, lack of necessary infrastructure and lack of requisite full government support

Knowledge of Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge of Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example This understanding enables them to not only make sense of the behaviour they witness in their workforce, but also to predict it before hand and sometimes even influencing it to reflect the desired level. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that organizational behaviour teaches one how to control human behaviour in an organization. However, it may be unreasonable to label this practice as exploitative, since the control is limited to an organizational setting, and the results are aimed to improving organizational performance, rather than exploitative practice of this knowledge. Organizational behaviour teaches a manager how to analyze and handle several different dimensions of an organization. One of the relatively well-known areas of expertise is the substantial and extensive knowledge of motivation that organizational behaviour has to offer. It offers dozens of theories on motivation, each tailored to specific situations as well as different findings in this area. These range from the classic theories such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory to the more controversial, contemporary theories such as Theory X and Y (Thompson and McHugh, 2002, pp. 10-48). Each of these motivational theories offers a unique insight into an employee’s mind, helping one understand what drives these employees to put effort into their work and then teaching one how to use these teachings to influence employees to exhibit desired behaviour. On the surface, it may seem like a euphemism for ‘manipulation techniques’ that teach a manager how to exploit a person’s predictability and use it to their organization’s advantage. However, the intentions behind organizational behaviour practices should be kept in sight before drawing such evaluations. Discussion Considering an organization with a de-motivated workforce may help one understand the ethical validation of this discipline. Such an organization would have paid employees who have each been designat ed specific tasks, each of which contribute to the organization’s performance and success. This is common amongst organizations that combine technology, creativity, and innovation in their operations. If the employees of such an organization lack motivation, their performance levels will be low, and predictably below the needed levels (Rashid, 2003, pp. 30-55). This would lead to failure of the organization, which could have several detrimental results, which could lead to employees losing their jobs and putting them at as much loss the organization. Thus, teaching a manager to remedy such a problem in a manner, which is beneficial for both the employee and the organization, is not exploitative. Furthermore, these theories do not try to manipulate an employee psychologically on a subconscious level. They do not aim to take advantage of the employee without realizing it, but rather offer this motivation at a conscious level, the influence of which is visible to the employees t hemselves. Other than Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning theory, most of the motivational theories operate on a conscious level and depend on the employees consciously reacting to the situation they are presented with (Huczynski and Buchanan, pp. 5-25). For example, bonus schemes are one of the most commonly used motivational techniques in a workplace. They offer the employee monetary and other similar forms of extra compensation for efficient and

Fingerprint Identification: Three Latent Print Scenario's Assignment

Opinions about Different Homicide Scenarios - Assignment Example In such a case, it is possible that the perpetrator had planned their activities wisely. They may have used protection on their hands, for example, high quality gloves that do not allow for fingerprints to be left on the weapon. In typical cases, fingerprints are left on a weapon even when using surgical gloves that cling tightly to the hand. It is also possible that the murderer used another weapon to commit the offense and left with it. Another possibility is that the material used to make the weapon is one that does not retain prints. At times the prints may be too faint for proper identification. Fortunately, fingerprints can be collected from the surfaces in the scene of the crime. Glass, for example, retains prints that are highly detectable especially if the hands of the perpetrator were wet, bloody or greasy. On the hand, lean surfaces are more likely to retain fingerprints compared to dirty ones as the dirt may inhibit latent prints from being visible on the weapon. A case like this may mean that a different person committed the crime. It may also be that another person touched the weapon with bare hands after the murder, for example, an investigator hence interfering with the evidence. It may also be that the perpetrator used the weapon that had previously been touched by another person and used material that does not allow their prints to be left on the weapon. There may also be the possibility that a different person touched the weapon leaving their prints but the murder used a soiled hand on the weapon thus inhibiting the formation of their fingerprints. Such a situation is tricky and may mean different things. While it is possible for the suspect to be guilty, it is not always so. In some cases, the prints ay offer direct evidence that the suspect was responsible for the murder.  

The 2002 failure of Enron corporation and Arthur Anderson Co, their Essay

The 2002 failure of Enron corporation and Arthur Anderson Co, their auditors - Essay Example This study discusses what happened with Enron, defines the problems that plague the high profile corporation, present solutions and alternatives, as well as give a sweeping opinion on how the problems could have been solved or avoided in the first place from this researcher's perspective alone.Enron Corporation was an American energy company and considered as one of the world's leading electricity, natural gas, pulp and paper, and communications group of companies. It claimed $111 billion revenues in 2000 and Fortune magazine accorded it "America's Most Innovative Company" for six consecutive years, employing around 21,000 people. Enron started out as Northern Natural Gas Company in the early 1930s at Omaha, Nebraska. It became an organized holding company Internorth in 1980s, and then it purchased Houston Natural Gas in 1985 of which Kenneth Lay became the chief executive officer. The merged company was named Enron and was involved in transmission and distribution of electricity and gas throughout the United States. It also engaged in the development, construction and operation of power plants, pipelines, and other infrastructure worldwide. It later market and promoted communication bandwidth commodities and other "derivatives" and grew in opulence behind inflated, fraudulent and non-existent financial reports. Enron declared bankruptcy in late 2001. By 1995 accountants at Arthur Andersen knew Enron was a high-risk client who pushed them to do things they were not comfortable doing. Critics have identified the complicated management approach as one of the culprits that caused Enron's collapse. Initially, the company performed extensive diversification to expand its product and service lines. Because of the strategy, the company experienced robust growth and gained reputation as a multi-dimensional firm. In addition, the firm continued to evolve its business model. Considering the unpredictable circumstances and calculated risks, Enron was successful on paper. This was reflected in the financial reports suggesting the extent of growth in the financial capability of the company. Specifically, the level of stocks reported by the company has skyrocketed. The information provided by the Enron 10-K annual report suggests that it was only in 1997 that the company experienced a decline. According to James Hecker, one of the investors of Enron, Andersen had knowledge on the nature of Enron's operations. The company even branded Enron as a high risked firm that is willing to do all means required to achieve its goals. Moreover, Hecker described the relationship of the Andersen employees to Enron. In the exact words, Hecker said: "Managers in the doorway, thinking out of the box. And I was thinking to myself, I'll bust by butt and then I'll bust my rocks (Schepp, 2002)." This satire showed how generously the employees of Andersen working for Enron were compensated and provided with great incentives. Moreover, Hecker described Enron as a lovely face and a fragile place. Basically, Hecker has knowledge on the true status of the company. Hecker even mentioned in the satire that the managers will soon bring their alibis to court. Precisely, Hecker highlighted the events that will happen years later

Annual report for Intercontinental Hotels Group plc for the year ended Essay

Annual report for Intercontinental Hotels Group plc for the year ended 31 December 2011 - Essay Example $ in mn Revenue and Profits 2011 2010 % Inc. Sales 1768 1628 8.60 Operating profit 559 444 25.90 Exceptional items 35 15 133.33 Total operating profit 594 459 29.41 Profit before exceptional items 497 382 30.10 Tax -120 -98 22.45 Profit from continuing operations 377 284 32.75 Exceptional items 83 7 1085.71 Net profit including exceptional items 460 291 58.08 Financial position Good will and other intangible assets 400 358 11.73 Other non-current assets 1990 1952 1.95 Total non-current assets 2390 2310 3.46 Current assets 578 466 24.03 Total assets 2968 2776 6.92 Total current liabilities 860 921 -6.62 Total non-current liabilities 1553 1564 -0.70 Total liabilities 2413 2485 -2.90 Shareholders’ funds 555 291 90.72 Total capital employed 2968 2776 6.92 No. of shares 289472651 Shares issued during the year 1075438 Total number of shares 290548089 289472651 Financial Ratios Earnings per share (EPS) Profit from continuing operations/ 1.30 0.98 Number of shares outstanding ROCE Net income/Capital employed 12.70% 10.23% Operating profit margin (Excl. exceptional items) Operating profit /Capital employed 31.62% 27.27% Operating profit margin (Incl. exceptional items) Total Operating profit /Capital employed 33.60% 28.19% Net profit margin after tax (Excl. exceptional items) Net profit after tax excl. excep. items/Capital employed 21.32% 17.44% Net profit margin after tax (Incl. excep. items) Net profit after tax incl. excep. items/Capital employed 26.02% 17.87% Asset turnover Total sales/Total assets 0.60 0.59 Current ratio Current assets/Current liabilities 0.67 0.51 Acid test ratio Quick assets/Current liabilities 0.64 0.49 Receivables collection period Debtors (Trade and other receivables) 369.00 371.00 Total debtors/Sales x 365 76.18 83.18 Payables payment period Creditors (Trade and other payables) 707.00 722.00 Total purchases or cost of sales 771.00 753.00 Creditors/Cost of sales x 365 334.70 349.97 Gearing Total debt/Total equity 4.35 8.54 Interest cove r Interest charges (Interest) 64.00 64.00 Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT)/Interest 5.89 4.44 Price earnings ratio Share price as on 31 December ?11.57 ?12.43 Share price / EPS 8.92 12.67 Dividend cover Dividend paid to shareholders 148 121 Dividend paid/Net income 2.55 2.35 Revenue per available room Revenue per available room is up by 6.2% Revenue per room has been calculated by the company by dividing the total room revenue by the number of room nights available. Analysis of the financial performance and position InterContinental Hotels Group is a global hotel company, operating seven highly-respected brands internationally. Total number of rooms operating under IHG brands is 658,348 (4,480 hotels). IHG’s portfolio of brands includes Inter Continental Hotels & Resorts, Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts, Hotel Indigo, The Holiday Inn, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites. The performance of the management should be viewed in relation to the industry for the purpose of meaningful evaluation. The revenue per availab

Self-Assessment Essay Example for Free

Self-Assessment Essay This document contains the template you will use to complete this assignment. Save the file by adding your last name to the filename (e.g. Week2_Self_Assessment_Template_Smith.docx). Be sure to proofread and spell check your work before you submit it. A grading rubric is also available at the end of this document. There are FOUR parts to the Self-Assessment. Part 1: Reflect on your results from the self-assessment exercises you’ve done from the textbook, as well as others you might have done in the past, and complete the table below. Review current or past jobs to identify your transferable skills. Develop an inventory of your most marketable career-related skills (minimum 15), instances where you have demonstrated these skills (minimum three), and the core values you want your work to reflect (minimum five). Take into consideration the traits employers are seeking, including technical and transferable skills and general abilities. (30 POINTS) SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES MY RESULTS I completed the following assessments/inventories as part of my self-assessment activities: 1.Marketing Readiness Quiz 2.Self-Awareness Checklist 3.Ability Assessment 4.Personality Check 5.Transferable Skills Checklist 6.Work Environment and Preferences My most marketable career-related skills are . . . (minimum 15) (Remember to include technical and transferable skills on this list!) 1.Microsoft Word proficiency 2.Social Skills 3.Organization 4.Ability to delegate 5. Microsoft Excel proficiency 6.Ability to lead and motivate peers 7.Responsibility 8.Hard working nature and perseverance 9.Technical abilities 10.Fast ability to learn 11.Ability to handle high stress situation 12.Timeliness 13.Efficiency at completing task at hand 14.Neatness 15.Ability to interact positively with many people Examples of instances where I have demonstrated these skills include . . . (minimum 3) 1.past jobs involving computer skills 2.past jobs involving social interactions 3.past jobs in which I have had leadership responsibilities Core values I want my work to reflect are . . . (minimum 5) 1.Honesty 2.Integrity 3.Reliability 4.Dependability 5.Trustworthiness Part 2: Describe your ideal job. (20 POINTS) MY IDEAL JOB In my ideal job, I would be . . . (state what you see yourself doing as part of your ideal job) In a position in which I hold a leadership position so I could use my skills in a positive way to lead and manage other employees to motivate them to produce the best work possible. I am not particular concerned about the specific industry in which I would be working, as long as I have the ability to use all of my technical skills in a productive way. All in all, my ideal job is one in which I feel productive and making a positive difference on the organization because I want my skills and talents to be put to a productive use. Part 3: Identify your one-, two-, and five-year career goals, create a list of possible employers of choice in your career field (minimum 3), possible job titles for your one-, two-, and five-year goals (one for each goal), and current salary ranges for those job  titles. (30 POINTS) CAREER GOALS Career Goals Potential Employers (minimum 3) Possible Job Titles (minimum 3) Current Salary Ranges (for each job title) My one-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1. Cameron 2. Hewlett-Packard 3. HCL Technologies 1.Network Engineer 2.Network Technician 3.Network Administrator 1.$48-70k 2.$40-55k 3.$42-66k My two-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1. Exelon Corporation 2. Rockwell Automation 3. Marathon Oil 1.Network Analyst 2.Electronics Technician 3.Production Engineer 1.$40-90k 2.$31-53k 3.$48-71k My five-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1.FMC Technologies 2.Emerson 3.G.E 1. Electrical Engineer 2. Senior Engineering Technician 3. Controls Engineer 1.$51-100k 2.$47-83k 3.$76-123k Part 4: Provide a summary of what you have learned about yourself and the characteristics of your dream job as a result of the reflection and research you have done as part of this assignment (minimum 100 words). (20 POINTS) MY LEARNINGS I have learned a great deal about myself and the characteristics of my dream job as a result of the reflection and research that I have done as part of this assignment. I have realized that the most important thing to me is the ability to make difference in whatever field I choose to engage. I used to think that I had an interest in a particular industry, but I have realized that my ability to adapt to new situations would make me a viable employee in numerous fields. Therefore, my dream job is not very specific but can be in a variety fields, as long as I can have a positive impact on my employees and the organization. Grading Rubric: Self-Assessment Component Points Part 1: Award full credit if all sections meet minimum requirements. Deduct up to 20 points depending on how incomplete the responses are. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 30 Part 2: Award full credit if the ideal job is described sufficiently. Deduct up to 10 points for incomplete responses. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 20 Part 3: Award full credit if all sections meet minimum requirements. Deduct up to 20 points depending on how incomplete the responses are. No points  awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 30 Part 4: Award full credit if the student has provided a reflective summary of their learnings. Deduct up to 10 points if the response is incomplete. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 20

Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Essay The significant role of schools in teaching the population of students is one way to make sure that the society will have a bright future. However, in the cases wherein inappropriate teaching methods are used, this dream may be compromised. A very clear example is the teaching of creationism. Creationism is a perspective that identifies a certain supreme being to be the main perpetrator of the existence of the universe, including humanity (Ruse, 2007). There is an identifiable group of people who primarily believes in this notion. And because of that sectarian acceptance, there was a time when schools became a subject of intention in propagating this idea. In a much greater sense, creationism should never be taught in schools primarily because of the compromising effects it will bring towards the molding of the students. The topic is very much centered towards the philosophy of a person and do not provide any significant learning attribute. This is in direct contrast to the mission of the school to provide only the type of learning methods based on exact, credible and scientifically formulated aspects of knowledge. Creationism tends to be of religious in nature. It always inhibits the natural flow of scientific process to learn the observable and logical way of nature. As a result, it is very possible that students may get confused about their own perception about the universe and everything about it. They may leave the pre-conditions of scientific knowledge in favor of an easier to understand notion of creationism. Moreover, there may be cases in which some students may feel deprived of their rights to believe what they want to according to their respective philosophies in life. Creationism is a biased form of belief which only bases its ideology to a personal intuition. References Ruse, M. 2007. Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved January 14, 2008 from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/creationism/.

Alcohol Problems And Law In The Uk Criminology Essay

Alcohol Problems And Law In The Uk Criminology Essay Alcohol has been associated with numerous health and social problems for centuries but it is only in recent years that the extent of such problems has been quantified. According to World Health Organisation it is estimated that alcohol is the fourth leading risk factor for death and disability globally, almost at par with tobacco. The UK has one of the biggest alcohol problems in Europe. New and significant changes in drinking patterns have developed in Britain over the last twenty years, leading to growing concerns that we are placing our health and well being at greater risk of harm from alcohol. The creation of a culture of drinking to get drunk or binge drinking is seen as the most significant causal factor of alcohol dependency and alcohol fuelled crimes  [5]  . Crime committed by drunken individuals is an ongoing serious problem for not only the police, but for the public and victims who have to deal with the sometimes terrible consequences of offenders who commit crimes wh ilst under the influence of alcohol. For a number of years it has been a well known belief that alcohol is a major trigger in a lot of crimes that have been committed in England and Wales. Nevertheless it cannot be said that every person who drinks alcohol in an irresponsible manner will go on to commit a criminal offence as latest figures have proven that alcohol related crime is committed by a small minority of those people who consume alcohol irresponsibly  [6]  . The link between alcohol and crime has been greatly documented over the years  [7]  . Many believe that the potential consequences of intoxication such as heightened levels of aggression, and impaired cognitive functioning, may be risk factors in experiences of crime and disorder, whether in relation to being a victim or a perpetrator  [8]  . Alcohol dependant people are over represented in prison populations all over England and Wales compared with the general population  [9]  . There are also a growing proportion of alcohol dependant offenders who have committed crime whilst under the influence of alcohol, which in turn leads to numerous reports that alcohol clearly seems to be a strong causative factor in a huge number of crimes committed against the person  [10]  . The Criminal Justice System in England and Wales is very much burdened with alcohol related crime. It is estimated that these crimes cost the UK between  £8 and 13 billion pound per year  [11]  . The costs include Cost to the Criminal Justice System  £1.8 billion Costs to services as consequence of alcohol related crime  £3.5 billion Costs to services in anticipation of alcohol related crime  £1.5 billion Human costs of alcohol related crime  £4.7 billion  [12]  . The Licensing Act 2003 which came into force at the end of November 2005 abolished set licensing hours in England and Wales  [13]  . The overall aim of the Licensing Act 2003 was to liberalise a rigid system whilst reducing the problems of drinking and disorder associated with a standard closing time  [14]  . It was also hoped that the Licensing Act 2003 coupled with other government initiatives would help to bring about a more benign drinking culture  [15]  . The Licensing Act 2003 has been the subject of much controversy  [16]  . Although its aim was specifically to address problems associated with late night drinking, in the run up to implementation it was presented by some of the media drunkards charter, whereby alcohol would be on sale 24 hours a day  [17]  . The major concern by the public and the police was that it would have a major effect on crime and disorder  [18]  . The Licensing Act 2003 passed on more responsibilities to the local authorities, also replacing the statutory licensing hours with opening hours set locally through the conditions of individual licenses  [19]  . The new licensing authorities were expected to grant the licenses requested by licensees; unless it was proven that the Acts four objectives were not being promoted  [20]  . The four objectives are The prevention of crime and disorder Public safety The prevention of public nuisance The protection of children from harm  [21]  . It became obvious and understandable that most of the general public were not in favour of the new licensing hour, and were fearful of the impact it would have not just on themselves, but on their communities and towns. During the first year after the Act  [22]  came into force, they seemed to be hardly any change in alcohol related offences, Murder, manslaughter, and serious wounding had fallen by 5 percent over the evening and night time periods in the twelve months after the Licensing Act 2003 came into force  [23]  . However there was an increase in the small numbers of these crimes happening between 3am and 6am  [24]  . The category of offences which included less serious offences of wounding and assaults with no injury rose from November 2004 until November 2005  [25]  . Offences of harassment showed a steady increase from November 2004 until November 2005 and then plateaued  [26]  . Criminal damage offences fell by 1 percent in the year after the change   [27]  . However whilst there was larger falls in the number of offences during the daytime, there was a 2 percent increase during the evening and night time periods which amounted to a 14 percent increase  [28]  . However there was another report by The Home Office compared the data from 30 different police forces between November 2005 to December 2006 to see again how the Licensing Act 2003 had affected crime and disorder  [29]  . The results were; A 1% rise in the overall number of violent crimes, disorder and criminal damage incidents occurring between 6pm and 6am A 22% rise between 3am and 6am in the 3 month period after the law had changed A 25% increase in serious violent crimes committed between 3am and 6am  [30]  . There were many qualitative interviews conducted by Home Office researchers of licensing authority staff and those from responsible authorities were fairly consistent: most respondents described problems of crime and disorder associated with the night time economy as stable or declining  [31]  . However most reported that this was nothing to do with the changes brought about by the Licensing Act 2003  [32]  . Unless every police station completed a report on the exact alcohol related crime figures since the Licensing Act 2003 came into force then the impact remains vague. Since the Act  [33]  came into force, the pressure of many police officers has increased, mainly because people are getting drunk at all different times of the day and night, therefore the police are dealing with drunk people and alcohol related crimes for longer periods of time, due to bars and clubs being open for longer hours. The Licensing Act 2003 was intended to make it easier for responsible authorities and local residents to call for the local authority to review a licence  [34]  . Between April 2006 and March 2007 ninety two licences were revoked  [35]  . In 2007 the government introduced some strategies and guidance; safe, sensible and social, for help in trying to reduce alcohol related crime  [36]  . The strategy endeavoured to deliver three important points; To ensure that the laws and licensing powers in the UK help to protect young people and bear down on irresponsibly run premises, and are being used widely and effectively (Enforcement) To promote an environment which encourages sensible drinking through investment in better information and communications (Education and Prevention) To ensure that there is a greater focus on the minority of drinkers who cause or experience most harm to themselves, their communities and their families (Treatment and Aftercare)  [37]  . Although other legislation has been introduced to help assist the police in their aim to reduce alcohol related crime, for example; penalty notices for disorder, drinking banning orders, directions to leave and licensed premises closure orders, it is more resources that are needed to help reduce alcohol fuelled crime  [38]  . Although the police have had increased powers to deal with drunken offenders, they still cannot seem to decrease the amount of alcohol related crime  [39]  . In 2006 the Violent Crime Reduction Act was introduced, which introduced new measures to ensure that police and local communities have the powers they need to tackle violent crimes including alcohol related crime  [40]  . However this did not seem to have a positive effect on crime reduction either. Many offenders of alcohol related crime do not seem to be habitual offenders; many will have only one encounter with the criminal justice system  [41]  . However some offenders are arrested repeatedly for alcohol related offences. Mechanisms for identifying why they reoffend and referring them for help are haphazard, meaning that they continue offending to their own detriment and that of society, whilst also taking up criminal justice resources  [42]  . With pubs and bars open for longer hours during the day and night then this cannot be helpful in any way to help reduce the crime rate fuelled by alcohol. Many have argued that the alcohol industry has a vital role in helping to prevent and tackle the harms caused by alcohol misuse  [43]  . However many would also agree with the fact that the alcohol industry do not do enough to try and help reduce alcohol related crime. Many different organisations can be classed as being responsible for reducing crime, including the offe nder himself and his family, however the alcohol industry are in control of how they advertise their alcohol, how it is packaged and how it is promoted. The alcohol industry should be working hard to help and if this means going beyond their statutory responsibilities then so be it. Since 2006 the challenge 21 scheme has been fairly successful in raising awareness among publicans and their staff of the need to be vigilant in preventing underage sales  [44]  . Pubs are now turning away over one million underage customers each month who, when challenged were unable to provide acceptable proof of their age, this clearly indicates that the trade is making a bigger effort to enforce the law and prevent under age sales of alcohol  [45]  . Challenge 25 gives more staff a wider margin of protection, as if the customer looks under 25 then the staff can ask for proof that they are over 18. In 2009 Britains drink industry announced a one million social marketing campaign aimed at encou raging more responsible drinking amongst young adults and shifting attitudes towards drunkenness  [46]  . Supermarkets are also a contributing factor towards alcohol related crime due to their ability to sell alcohol at hugely reduced costs. Bars and clubs have to sell alcohol at a certain price, however supermarkets can afford to lower the price of alcohol, and nearly every supermarket has numerous offers on their alcohol, for example, 3 bottles of wine for  £10 and numerous cans of lager for a low price. Therefore many people are drinking more at home, and many people are also drinking more before going out due to the low prices in supermarkets. Statistics in 2010 show that; 7,800 premises have 24 hour licenses, of which; 4,400 are hotel bars 1,700 are supermarkets or shops 1,000 are pubs, bars and nightclubs 800 are other premises  [47]  . The above statistics have been a concern for the police and the general public. Previous to the Licensing Act 2003 most of the above establishments shut at 11pm, this in fact meant that there was a rise in assaults and antisocial behaviour because people were fighting and arguing as they were leaving the bars and clubs  [48]  . However with 24 hour licenses in place, brawls and fighting are not just happening at 11pm, they are happening at all hours of the day and night. Therefore alcohol consumption seems to have risen since the introduction of the Licensing Act 2003. The government claimed that the Licensing Act 2003 would help to reduce binge drinking as well as alcohol related crime. This seemed quite an absurd and unlikely claim, due to the face that for people that want to binge drink, bars and clubs will be open longer. With bars and clubs staying open for longer periods of time, then people are no less likely to binge drink than before the Licensing Act 2003 came into force. An array of modern alcohol products and marketing strategies are especially designed to encourage and exploit the binge drinking culture  [49]  . A large segment of the pub sector appears to operate on the basis of pack them in, get them drunk, and chuck them out  [50]  . Speed drinking bars have also become very popular with binge drinkers, with a lot of bars now charging only  £15.00 for unlimited alcohol all night  [51]  . However in 2009 there were strict conditions included in a new mandatory code on alcohol sales launched for consultation by Home Sec retary at the time Jacqui Smith  [52]  . Therefore these drink all you want promotions were banned. More and more young people are being targeted to drink alcohol every year. Alcohol industries have even admitted that they have to now compete with any other psychoactive products, hence the developments such as; Inventing a new range of designer drinks to appeal specifically to young people Increasing the strength of alcohol products targeted at the young Marketing alcohol to young people on the basis of its psychoactive properties and hedonistic appeal  [53]  . There seems to be nothing whatsoever in the above to justify regarding the abolition of fixed closing times as a key mechanism for reducing binge drinking  [54]  . Longer drinking hours has in fact given the binge drinking pattern of consumption more scope and encouragement  [55]  . However the government have been known to disagree with the above statement. The government have claimed that since the Licensing Act 2003 came into force, binge drinking has reduced considerably. The governments claims are completely unqualified  [56]  . There is no evidence to prove their claim, and is ironic for the government to claim such things with no evidence, especially as they state that one of the basic requirements for of the national harm reduction strategy is that it will be evidence based  [57]  . Recent surveys of young adults aged between 18 and 24 concluded that a big percentage of them had committed a crime in the twelve months previous due to having been binge drinking at the time of the offence. The survey also found that young adults who got very drunk at least once a week were almost seven times as likely to admit to criminal damage, five times as likely to admit to fighting, and four times as likely to become involved in an argument than those who got drunk less than once a month  [58]  . Prevention of alcohol related crime over the past decade has been somewhat confusing and misguided as to the actual help and effect on the overall decrease in the problem that it has. People drink alcohol for many different reasons; clinical professionals have often been in disagreement with each other of how to tackle alcohol related crimes. For many individuals there are underlying problems that lead someone to alcohol, and that leads someone to be alcohol dependant. The government seem to be very quick at placing the blame on others apart from themselves. Since the Licensing Act 2003 the NHS has seen a lot more admissions of patients with serious problems from drinking too much alcohol whether it is from assaults or from liver disease and other physical illnesses from alcohol. The government have done absolutely nothing over the past few years to make alcohol drinks less affordable. Alcohol is more widely available and cheaper than it has been since the 1970s  [59]  . The purc hase of alcoholic drinks by UK households has risen ten percent in a year. In the last decade there has been a fifty percent increase of people drinking at home; this is an awful lot of drinking for children to be witnessing  [60]  . Alcohol is now even stronger than it used to be. Surely one would ascertain that if the price of alcohol rose then this would help in decreasing alcohol related offences. Alcohol companies could actually do extra in helping the government to control and decrease the problems when dealing with alcohol and its ever growing increase in younger people seeing alcohol as escapism but not realising the risks and consequences that alcohol can have on their body, mind and life. The alcohol firms did come to some kind of agreement with the government a few years ago in which they said that by the end of 2008 they would label the majority of alcohol drinks with information about the number of units contained in the drink, the recommended sensible drinking guid elines for men and women, and the website address for the drinkaware trust  [61]  . However very few companies complied with this, and just 50 percent of all drinks actually carry any warnings  [62]  . However it has to be recognised that more and more adverts are appearing on our television screens each year regarding the dangers of drinking too much alcohol. Nearly every advert that advertisers alcohol has a warning and the name of the drinkaware website on the screen; this is a good improvement over the last few years. Preventing alcohol related crime is also an ongoing problem for the police. Whilst alcohol related health and social problems amongst youths are increasing internationally, both consumption and associated harms are particularly high in British youths  [63]  . Alcohol related crime is also taking the police away from dealing with more serious crimes. The British youths of today are consuming alcohol more frequently than any other generation. Binge drinking and peer group pressure are amongst the main concerns for schoolchildren. Most youths and unfortunately children are drinking in public places, for example, street corners and parks, outside youth clubs and even in their own homes. With habits and pressures like these there is a high rise in the amount of acute violence and long term alcohol dependence  [64]  . In a statement made by a chief inspector of a police station in London, it was stated that the police concern is that there are already too many people leaving licens ed premises, particularly after 1.00am, and any more will place a burden on the area and add to the existing crime and disorder  [65]  . Since this statement was made it appears that problems of drunkenness, crime and disorder have increased in the West end of London as hours of trading have been extended  [66]  . An analysis of the criminal offences in relation to licensed premises in West End Central found that in 2000 the peak time for violent offences was 1.00am, and the report concluded that the crime in and around the direct vicinity of licensed premises is occurring at later hours due to the extended licensing hours  [67]  . The evaluation of the Home Office report clearly indicates that the impact of the Act in its first year of operation brought fewer problems than were feared by pessimists, and fewer benefits than expected by optimists  [68]  . There are three explanations for the findings; one is that the new licensing regime has not significantly changed patterns of drinking; the second is that there have been significant changes to drinking patterns, but that these changes have not led to more crime and disorder; the third is that extraneous factors have had a bigger impact than the changes to licensing hours  [69]  . The UK has witnessed significant alcohol cultural changes over the last decade. Young women are especially drinking more, and binge drinking seems to be a popular pastime for the youngsters of today. It is a major fear when teenagers are beginning their drinking careers at increasingly younger ages. Ten years ago it was the age range of 15 to 16 year olds that were drinking alcohol frequently, now figures have shown that children as young as 9 and 10 are being introduced to alcohol, and are also drinking twice the amount that younger people drank ten years ago. Alcohol fuelled domestic violence seems to have been overlooked by the crime statistics in every year since the Licensing Act 2003 came into force because when domestic violence through alcohol is reported, it is not classed as a alcohol related crime  [70]  . Alcohol is one of the main factors that contribute to domestic violence. It is extremely obvious that more needs to be done to achieve a vast reduction in alcohol re lated crime. The government have set out various conditions and legislation but it seems that the alcohol industry and supermarkets are not one hundred percent in favour of making our streets much safer by helping to reduce alcohol fuelled crime. Therefore if we as a country are sincere in wanting to reduce alcohol related crimes then perhaps a more tactical effect would be best achieved by starting with the businesses that are accountable for supplying alcohol to the public. Many bars and nightclubs sell soft drinks, water and non alcoholic beverages; however it is normally the case that soft drinks are more expensive than the alcoholic drinks. People who commit crimes whilst drunk are more often than not in need of help or counselling for their excessive drinking. This kind of help is never easy to achieve, and with most perpetrators of crime leaving the police station with just a warning then is it any wonder that they are most likely going to commit another crime once they have had some more alcohol. Harsher penalties should be given. In recent years numerous young adults have been interviewed about what their view is on how alcohol related crime can be decreased. The majority of the individuals stated that more should be done to try and moderate consumption of alcohol; however nobody can force someone to stop drinking. Many suggestions centred on licensed premises and what could be done within them to discourage excessive drinking and promote more moderate drinking  [71]  . Bar staff should perhaps be trained more effectively so that they know when someone has had enough alcohol therefore discouraging the person to not drink anymore. With more and more premises every year opening for longer hours it seems that people are being tempted to drink more. Non-alcoholic drinks should certainly cost less than alcoholic drinks. It seems that every year bars and clubs are offering new promotions to encourage people to drink more, alcoholic drinks such as shots are the new craze at the moment, and are normally fairly cheap to buy if not free with your first drink.. With information such as this then there is nothing to suggest that the Licensing Act 2003 has had any positive impact on helping to reduce the crimes that are committed whilst people are under the influence of alcohol. Prevention is paramount; therefore educating children in secondary schools of the dangers of consuming alcohol should be of major importance  [72]  . Many schools educate youngsters about the dangers of taking drugs, so why doesnt educating children of the risks caused by drinking alcohol taking place in our schools  [73]  . Alcohol did not seem to be a major problem regarding crime over ten years ago. The odd fight or criminal damage was sometimes fuelled by alcohol but there was not as near the problems our country has today. Many people are still of the opinion that the Licensing Act 2003 was completely non affective and that the government really need to readdress certain issues regarding the alcohol industry, so that maybe our drinks culture would not be so appealing  [74]  . Not every individual who consumes alcohol can be convinced to drink less, however if tougher sentences were given for the perpetrators of alcohol related crime then maybe this would make the offender think twice before having that next drink. total words 3968

Student Presentation on Rotavirus Essay -- Essays Papers

Student Presentation on Rotavirus Encounter Rotavirus is a wheel-shaped double stranded RNA virus. It is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. It is believed that by the age of 4 most children in the United States have experience this infection and have developed immunity to severe disease caused by rotavirus. Individuals that are known to be at increased risk with complication of dehydration due to this viral disease include malnourished children as well as malnourished adults especially in the developing countries and the elderly that have a weakened immune system as they age. According to the Lancet, rotavirus is still believed to be the most recognized cause of diarrhea in children everywhere, however the infection is much more deadly in the developing world. "In the USA, for example, rotavirus infections are responsible for 50,000 admissions a year but only 20 deaths. In the developing world, on the other hand, rotavirus is responsible for 20% of deaths from diarrhe a in children. Worldwide it is estimated that virus kills about 500,000 children under the age of 5-years-old each year"(McCarthy 2003). As far as the U.S. is concerned, the rotavirus disease spread seems to have a seasonal distribution. (Seasonal Pattern). It has been accounted in many studiesthat rotavirus diarrhea shows a significant winter seasonality. This very unique wave of spread seems to move successively from west to east in the U.S., starting from Mexico and Southwestern states in the months of October and November and reaching the East coast in March and April. It has been suggested that weather conditions such as low temperature and humidity along with facilitated viral survival on fomi... ...d Health Policy)." The Lancet. 2003: 361; 582. Meissner, Cody. "Rotavirus and Other Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis." Mechanisms of Microbial Disease. 1999: 3; 345(9). "Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: Rotavirus infections." Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2002: 87; 564(1). Internet "Rotavirus." Center of Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/rotavirus.htm "Rotavirus." Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Jan, 2003. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap33.html "EMT of Rotavirus." Kisielius, Jonas Jose et al. ASM MicrobeLibrary. http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=590&LS "Image of Double Capsid." 1995. http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/rotaboth.gif "EMTs of Negatively Stained Rotavirus as Seen in a Stool Sample. http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/rotavirs.htm

Crime and Punishment and Raskolnikovs article, On Crime :: Crime Punishment Essays

Crime and Punishment and Raskolnikov's article, "On Crime" Raskolnikov's article, "On Crime," is vital to the understanding of his beliefs. This article also has a profound effect on Crime and Punishment as a whole, the subject matter being one of the main themes of the novel. The idea of the "extraordinary man" is referred to literally throughout the book, but also notable is the subconscious effect the idea has on Raskolnikov. Sometimes Raskolnikov is not even aware of this influence. It is important to note originality, or the ability to "utter a new word," as a defining characteristic of the extraordinary man. Therefore, we must take into account the presence of similar ideas, those of Pisarev, Nietzsche, and nihilism, as these might bring to light the possibility that Raskolnikov is not original, a possibility that haunts him throughout the novel. Within the article Raskolnikov analyzes the psychology of a criminal before and after the crime. This main portion of the article is not discussed, but it is likely that the psychological explanation that Porfiry gives Raskolnikov later, in the examination, is very similar. During this later examination, Raskolnikov appears resentful, but never disputes what Porfiry tells him, perhaps because it is a regurgitation of Raskolnikov's own thoughts. In the last meeting of the two men, Porfiry admits that he liked the article very much, and actually felt a connection with it. The one part of the main body of the article that is mentioned is "that the perpetration of a crime is always accompanied by illness" (225). Porfiry comments that this idea is very original; Raskolnikov welcomes this praise. Shortly, Porfiry moves on to the main topic of their discussion, a topic only mentioned briefly in the article, the idea that "certain persons...have a perfect right to commit breaches of morality and crimes" (225). Raskolnikov immediately realizes that Porfiry is intentionally exaggerating the idea, and "decided to take up the challenge" (226). Dostoevsky lets the reader know that the conversation will be a battle of wits. The ensuing argumentative dialogue makes the passage very entertaining, especially in contrast to later interviews between the two, in which Porfiry does nearly all the talking (he loves to hear himself talk). Raskolnikov attempts to clarify his idea, explaining that the "extraordinary" people have the right, but are not bound, to "overstep obstacles" if it is "essential" for the fulfillment of their idea.

Rock and Roll Essay -- Music, Elvis Presley

What comes to mind when you think about Rock and Roll? Is it the pulsating rhythms, and upbeat tempo that seemingly sooth the mind? What many don’t realize is this phenomenon was started by a single man that combined various elements he loved. This man, Elvis Presley, not only created Rock and Roll but a new era of attitude and personality which people perceived as they watched him perform. Elvis Aaron Presley, one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century, started a new clothing style for his generation, influenced a new era of dance, and most notably introduced Rock and Roll to the world. Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi into a loving but poor family (Tracy 1). From the young age of 7, Elvis showed a passion for music. He was introduced to music in the family’s Assembly of God church where the southern gospel music became an important influence on his success. When Elvis’ mother Gladys acquired enough money, she bought him his first guitar, he then taught himself to play and in October 1945, he had his first taste of success in music by placing in the town fair talent contest (â€Å"Famous Quotes†. After graduating high school in 1953, he worked various jobs while still pursuing his musical career. Later in 1953, he walked into Sun Studios where he paid four dollars to record his first record. Upon hearing Elvis’ recording, Sam Philips decided to take him under his wing and then became his record label owner (â€Å"Elvis Presley†). In 1954, he produced his first single â€Å"That’s all Right.† From then unt il his death he became the biggest phenomenon ever in the world of entertainment (Morrison 1). From the start of Elvis’ career, he was in the center of the spotlight but before his career even started his appe... ...ers of his time. Elvis is known as the leading artist in R & B, gospel, and American country (â€Å"Elvis Presley†). He has sold over a billion records, more than any other artist known to man. He was one of the first performers ever inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 (Brewster 1). Elvis loved performing live concerts â€Å"A live concert to me is exciting because of all the electricity that is generated in the crowd and onstage,† it’s his favorite part of his business (â€Å"Famous Quotes† 1). Even today he still remains a legendary music icon for popularizing and creating the start of Rock and Roll (Brewster 1). It is impossible to think of a Rock and Roll star who doesn’t owe a debt to Elvis Presley (Ebsco). Today he is still known as the starter of Rock and Roll, and is the most successful recording artist in terms of hit songs and hit albums still today.

Geography Teaching Methods: Why Should Geography

The   term   geography   refers   to   the   study   of   the   location   and   distribution   of   living   things   and   the   earth features   among   which   they   (The   World   Book,   2001).It   describes   its   physical   features,   resources, climate,   soils,   plants,   animals,   and    peoples   and   their   distribution. Geography,   in   general,   has   several objectives. The   main   objective   of   the   geography   subject   is   to   develop   awareness   of   the   relation between   nature   and   the   man ­made   environment. It   provides   the   basis   for   understanding   population development   and   the   distribution   of   resources,   explaining   similarities   and   differences   and   discussing change   processes.It   shall   also   contribute   to   understanding   and   mastering   the   great   amount   of information   in   our   time. Therefore,   this   paper   discuses   the   view   that   geography   as   a  subject  should  be made  a  core  subject. To   begin   with,   geography   provides   the   basis   for   understanding   population   development   and   the distribution   of   resources,   explaining   similarities   and   differences   and   discussing   change   processes. The subject   also   gives   insight   into   how   natural   resources,   weather   and   climate   have   provided   the   basis   for the   settlement   and   development   of   communities.Furthermore,  Geography  also  creates  understanding  of why   resources   are    important   for   global   production,   division   of   labour and   settlement. Population development   and   global   econ omic   processes   influence   economic   development   and   the   global distribution   of   goods. The   Geography   subject   provides   an   overview   and   explains   the   localisation   of cities   and   the   scope   of   natural   and  man ­made  conditions  on  earth  (Tunney,  1976). Therefore,  it  is  wise enough   that   the   government   should   design    a   curriculum   that   considers   geography   as   a  core  subject  just like  English  as  it  is  in  Malawi.The   other   thing   is   that,   looking   at   its   objectives? Geography   subject   is   contributing  to  the  understanding and   mastering   the   great   amount  of  information  in  these  days. More  knowledge  motivates  and  stimulates the   ability   to  analyse  critically  and  understand  comprehensively. T his  can  give   the  pupils  a  good  basis  for participating   in   the   development   of   society   in   a   constructive   way. An   important   objective   of   the geography   subject   is   also   to   develop   the   pupils'   ability   to   be   tolerant   and   understand   their   global co ­responsibilities.This   only   shows   that   Geography   has  a  wider  range  in  the  sense  that  it  draws  largely from   the   natural   sciences   and   social   sciences,   such   as,   geology,   meteorology,   botany,   zoology, economics,  and  history. In   addition,   in   order   to   improve   geographic   understanding   to   the   general   public:   Increased   research attention   is   given   to   certain   core   methodological   and   conceptual   issues   in   geography   that   are  especially relevant   to   society's   concerns. More   emphasis   should   be   placed   on   priority ­driven,   cross ­cutting projects.Increased  emphasis   should  be  given  to  research  that  improves  the  understanding  of  geographic literacy,   learning,   and   problem   solving   and  the  roles  of  geographic  information  in  education  and  decision making,   including   interactive   learning   strategies   and   spatial   decision   support   systems. This   helps   the government   to   manage   and   run   its affairs   with   the   intention   of   developing   them. Therefore,   through geographical   knowledge,  one  is  able  to  operate  in  several  departments  of  the  government  hence  meeting the  full  utilization  of  limited  resources  a  country  could  have.What   is   more,   the   government   and/or   the   non ­governmental   organization   should   take   part   in   the improvement   of   geographic   literacy. Geography  education  standards  and   other  guidelines  for  improved geography   education   in   the   schools   should   be   examined   to   identify   subjects   where   geography's  current knowledge   base   needs   strengthening. A   significant   national   program   should   be   established   to   improve the   geographic   competence   of   the   republic   of   Malawi’s   general   population   as   well   as   of   leaders   in business,   government,   and   non ­governmental  interest  groups  at  all  levels.In  addition,  linkages  should  be strengthened   between   academic   geography   and   users   of   its   research. Also   concerned   and   non concerned   parties   need   to   strengthen   geographic   institutions. Since   geography   has   a   wider   range   in  its operation,   a   high   priority   should   be   placed   on   increasing  professional  interactions  between  geographers and   colleagues   in   other   sciences. A   specific   effort   too,   should   be   made   to   identify   and   address disparities   between   the   growing   demands   on   geography   as   a   subject   and   the   current   capabilities   of eography   to   respond   as   a   scientific   discipline. A  specific  effort  should  be  made  in  order  to  identify  and examine   needs   and   opportunities   for   professional   geography   to   focus   its   research   and   teaching   on certain   specific   problems   or   niches,   given   limitations   on   the   human   and   financial   resources   of   the discipline. University   and   college   administrators   should   alter   reward   structures   for   academic geographers   to   encourage,   recognize,   and   reinforce   certain   categories   of   professional   activity   that   are sometimes   underrated.To   encourage   implementation   of   these   recommendations:   Geographic   and related   organisations   should    work   together   to   develop   and   execute   a   plan    to   implement   the recommendations  in  this  department. Lastly,   it   should   be   mentioned,   however,   that   geography   being   a   multi ­dimensional   subject   that   is,   it encompasses   several   subjects  or  disciplines. The  case  of  History,  History  and  History  Teaching   play  an importan t   role   in   developing   national   identity.Against   the   background   of   ethnic,   cultural   and   national conflicts   in   South   Eastern   Europe   history    teaching   was   often   used   as   a   tool   for   promoting   nationalistic ideologies. History   textbooks   have,   in   many   cases,   been   dominated   by  biased  historical  interpretations. Sensitive   historical   issues   and   groups,   such   as   the   history   of   social   and   ethnic   minorities,   the   history   of neighbouring   countries   have   often   been   excluded   from   the   textbooks.Therefore,   history   education   in South   Eastern   Europe   has   been   identified   as   a   key   issue   for   the   reconciliation   and   democratisation process   and   thus   for   long ­term    stability  in   the  region  by  many  key  actors  at  expert  and  political  level(De Blij,  1993). In   conclusion,   it   is   a   matter   of    concern   that   the   majority   of   students   in   the   school   complete   their geographical   education   at   a  young  age. They  are  normally  given  the  chance  to  choose  the  subjects  to  be studied   in   order   to   acquire   their   certificate   at   the   end   of   their   first   year   of   post ­primary   education.It   is usually   5 ­8  subjects  inclusive  of  English. It  is  reported  by  school  management  that  appropriate  guidance and   consultation   with   parents   informs   this   choice   process,   it   is   of   concern   that   subject   choices  made  at such   an   early   stage  in  post ­primary  education   could  have  a  significant  impact   on   subject  choice  at  senior cycle   and   on   career   paths   or   access   to   third ­level  education. It  is,  therefore,  recommended  that  school management   consider   restructuring   the   curriculum   at   junior   cycle   to   widen   the  range  of  core  subjects  to include   Geography.In    the   case   of   Malawi,   English   is   a   compulsory   subject   of   all   students   to   Junior Certificate  level. REFERENCES De  Blij,  H. J. (1993). Human  Geography:  Culture,  Society,  and  Space. (4th  Ed. ). Singapore:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John  Willey  . The  World  book  Encyclopedia(2001) â€Å"The_History_of_Geography_&_its_importance. †Ã‚  123HelpMe. com. 11  Apr  2012  . Sheila   L. C. (2004). Glo balization   and   Belonging:   The   Politics   of   Identity   in   a   Changing World. Boston:  Rowman  .

Middle Class Dillusionment Essay

In 1958, a man named George Mowry explains s economic, social, and political divisions of the progressivism movement. The progressivism movement ties in a lot with our society today and shows how history does indeed repeat itself. Mowry describes the good, and bad of progressivism, but emphasizes the bad. Mowry is really trying to exhibit the differences between capitalism and socialism in his essay and explain why progressivism is not good for the well being and future of America, which can be proven today but our economic instability and division as a nation. More importantly however Mowry displays how progressives try to create, â€Å"heaven on earth† by their moral actions. Mowry first describes the type of people who are involved in progressivism. People who were involved in progressivism were the solid middle class, who were intellectual and ethical climate of age, a significant cluster of prejudices and biases, and people who created great inventions, beautiful pictures, and the law. The people of the solid middle class were lawyers, newspaper, publishing, independent manufacturers, merchants, medicine, banking, and real-estate. The progressive leaders included the Chicago tribune family, and Charles Evan Hughes, â€Å"if names mean anything, an overwhelming proportion of this reform group came from old American stock with British origins consistently indicated. † More dangerous than rich people who inherited money from their ancestors was their rich youth, â€Å"Obviously this was a period, like the ones after the war of 1812 and 1850’s, when energetic and incautious youth took command. † This is ironic because all of their ancestors earned their money through capitalism and that’s what progressives are trying to take away now. Religious affiliations of the progressivism movement were the woman of the Quaker faith, and Jewish faith. Overall the progressives hated the economic system of capitalism, believed that the wealthy are bad people who we must take away money from and give it to the masses, and most of these people are young. Joseph Medill Patterson, whose godfather founded the Tribune resigned from the Chicago commissions of public works to become a socialist. Patterson believed it was impossible to reform a city under capitalism, â€Å" he announced , it was impossible to reform the city and country under capitalism. Patterson was exemplifying capitalism vs. socialism. Capitalism is the idea that Capital is owned, operated, and traded for the purpose of generating profits for private owners or shareholders. Emphasis on individual profit rather than on workers or society as a whole. On the other hand socialism is according to his/her ability, to each according to his contribution. Emphasis on profit being distributed among the society or workforce in addition to receiving a wage. Today we can see many links between capitalism and socialism. Our government today is run on progressivism/ socialist ideals. President Barack Obama has several plans and ideas to help the poor by giving them the money of the rich people, and supplying them with health care (obamacare) and so on. Progressives wanted to help people, they wanted to help the poor, this was not morally wrong but many other people saw that this was hurting our economy. Our government is socialist/ progressive because they want to have government control over other money and they want to have the ability to decide where that money goes. But you can’t just do that. If those people earned their wealth they should have every right to keep it, they should not be entitled to try to help the poor. Furthermore during this time of the progressivism movement there were many Democrat-republicans who supported the idea of progressivism. Some of those commonly known leaders are Theodore Roosevelt, Robert La Follete, Lincoln Steffens, Willam Allen White, Woodrow Wilson, John Johnson, and Hooke Smith of Georgia. Another group of people who were making a movement was populism. Populism were a group of people who were economically secured, well educated, middle class group who arose from farmer distress in a period of acute depression. â€Å" According to William Allen White, populism had ‘shaved its whiskers, washed its shirt, put on a derby, and moved up into the middle class†¦ populism arose from a farmer distress in a period of acute depression. Its reforms were belly reforms. The movement was led by angry men and woman not too far removed from the Grange hall. The motivation of these farmers was heart. They believed its not fair to take farm land and stick a bunch of windmills on there, not only was it not fair but it also made the agriculture business lose money. In a specific case California lost money for putting up windmills in farmer land and turning the production of agriculture into a nominal size. This idea of motivation of heart also relates to today because our motivation for supplying all of this aid comes from heart, because we believe it isn’t fair that one shouldn’t have medical care, or food etc. However there are just some gray areas to this plan that need to be filled and that is what in term ends up costing us millions. Another important point that Mowry discusses is the rise of industrial and commercial cities. The positive things about the rise of these cities are that it was, â€Å" a refuge from an ugly country side and hostile natural environment†, and it also provided a place of excitement and opportunities. In contrast to the positive things were the negative things. The negative things about the rise of industrial and commercial cities is that its, â€Å"Devils berg of crimes†, successful= financial workers and failures if they remained family workers. It also created an anti-urban feeling which romanticized pioneer past and agrarian background, involved western stories and virtues of the countryside. Miss. Glasgow believed, â€Å"Country was the world as God has planned it, the city as man had made it. † There was definitely some mixed feelings between the citizens about urban and a city lifestyle. Mowry described the income people had into three categories. The first category was the upper-class which we defined as, â€Å"people who had more money than was good for them†. The middle class were those who had just enough and the lower class were those who had much less than was morally good for them. In regards to these three categories each community made artificial arrangements by property, classical economic laws repeatedly described in the past as natural had become artificial and progressives had destroyed the popular sanction behind the laws of rent, prices and wages. In response to the actions of the progressives came the enforcement and rise of labor unions. Mowry viewed the labor unions as a menace not only to the employer but to the entire community, the small employer and many middle class professional unions gave the same results of industrial monopoly. The labor unions made a steady decrease in opportunities for the individual operating as an individual, thus putting an end to open society, and putting the burden of the industrial revolution upon the middle class. In an attempt to rebuttal the vicious attack of the labor union on progressives the progressives created a co operation of progressive and organized labor. This operation left only the progressives to lead. The captain of industry and labor boss was standard. Monopolistic closed shop was an abomination not to be tolerated with or without the government and progressives became a majority. The progressives were motivated by fear and confidence to exceed any other group. They believed that they were â€Å"The good men†, â€Å"The better element†, â€Å"The moral crowd† because of the fact that they believed in helping people. The progressives planned to increase the number of â€Å"large hearted men† to counteract the class organization of both capital and labor. The progressives believed that gaining more support from others would make them the majority and be favored, loved, and even looked up too. The progressives wanted to eliminate capitalism and labor unions. The progressives were strong for fighting back against the mass numbers of capitalists and labor unions, but fight they did and they did not back down. Although the intentions of progressives were morally correct it was not economically correct for the success and future of America. Our government and administrators today might believe that what they are doing is right for the people but they have to also consider what is right for our nation. The way Mowry described the mentality of progressives can be used to describe the mentality of some of our administrators today, â€Å"Reactionary and reform impulse, a desire to create heaven on earth, moral superiority is greater than our economy, and lastly individualism dynamism and leadership. † These are the characteristics of progressives today and of 1958. It is true that history repeats itself.